The commonly known Meni or Bheda fish in Bangladesh, Nandus nandus (Ham.-Buch.), is an important fish-food of high nutritive value in South Asian countries. The natural population of this fish has been declining rapidly due to some parasitic infections, which has escalated due to the lack of scientific management, anthropogenic disturbances, unhabitable water quality, and such related factors.

There are 10 Species of non-human primates (here after primates) in Bangladesh – one Species of Loris, five Macaques, three Langurs and one lesser Ape (Brandon-Jones et al.2004; IUCN Bangladesh 2015). Primates are the most threatened group of mammals in the country; 90% of them are threatened.

Rivers are the key point of natural resources, integrated with the culture and civilization of related people. Early civilizations like in ancient Egypt (River Nile), Mesopotamia (River Tigris–Euphrates), ancient China (River Yellow and Yangtze) and Indus valley (River Indus) still bears the sign of social system – a history of mankind.  In Indian sub-continent, the Indus valley civilizations namely Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are noted for their ancient cultural ramifications and urban designs.